Detective novels

Since the very beginning humanity has always tried to solve mysteries, tribes used to tell stories to solve mysteries around the fire in caves about their rough lives and the first civilisations that started the first writings either in hieroglyphs and cuneiform writings in clay tablets from the ancient civilizations of Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians and others had mystery stories or riddles like that one of the sphynx about the creature that lives on four, two and three legs that answers to the three ages of man. Romans and Greek had elements of mystery in their literature and the Middle Ages in the Bible was read about the prophet Daniel who solved the mystery of Susanna and the Elders, the mysteries solved of One Thousand and One Nights in the ancient Arabic literature. In the eighteenth century readers were craving for the trendy gothic novels,  a mixture of mystery, terror and supernatural elements such as the eighteenth century novels of "The Castle of Otranto" by Horace Walpole, "The Mysteries of Udolpho" by Ann Radcliffe or "The Monk" by Mathew Lewis. Nevertheless, the gothic novel will continue its production till the present and there are some precursor detective novels in which the protagonist usually a police officer solves a crime in "The Adventures of Caleb Williams" by William Godwin in 1794, "Richmond or stories of the life a Bow street officer" by Thomas Skinner Sturr in 1827, E.T.A. Hoffman wrote "Das Fraulein von Sculeri" and William Evans Burton wrote "The Secret Cell" in 1837 both novels inspired Edgar Allan Poe into "The Murders in the Rue Morgue" in 1841. Poe is an author considered the first modern detective novelist and he also wrote Southern Gothic stories such as "The Tell Tale Heart" and "The Fall of the House of Usher". Poe focused the investigation of the crimes upon the detective C. Auguste Dupin in Paris, though he called his novels "tales of ratiocination" they already have the elements common in detective novels, an apparently perfect crime, a wrongly accused suspect, an unexpected denouement and a smart detective that outwits the police, this is the main difference from the crime fiction. There are two different branches in detective fiction located in the United Kingdom and the United States.

-Detective  novels in England: the grandfathers are considered Charles Dickens with works such as  "Bleak House" and "The Mystery of Edwin Drood" and his protegé Wilkie Collins in "The Woman in White" and "Moonstone" and the lesser known writer Charles Warren Adams with "Notting Hill Mystery" in 1863. The female author Mary Elizabeth Braddon introduced a lower class detective in her novels "The Trail of the Serpent" and "Aurora Floyd". The English detective fiction has a British setting usually in a manor or enclosed place in which social classes are prominent, there is an inside job and a final twist of the plot. At the end of the nineteenth century the authors Anna Katherine Green in "The Leavenworth Case" in 1878 and Arthur Conan Doyle from 1887 by means of the Londoner consultive detective Sherlock Holmes, he solves complex mysteries with forensic skills and deductive reasoning in four novels and fifty-six short stories  narrated by his friend and assistant Dr. J.H. Watson.  

The English British detective novel reached its Golden Age especially in the interwar period in the 1920s and 30s there are female authors such as Agatha Cristie, P. D. James and Dorothy L. Sayers