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The British Sentimental Novel

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 The sentimental novel began in the eighteenth century in England as a reaction against excessive logic and reason of the Augustan authors who followed the trend of the Enlightment: These authors reflected the cultural and socioeconomic content of the since the established parliament along the constitutional monarch, the development of trade, travels and explorations and industry. In the epoch the English literature were influenced by economists, scientists and philosophers such as David Hume, John Locke, Isaac Newton and Adam Smith which highlighted a liberal and optimistic view on human´s progress. In the context of a alternative powers in the government of Tories and Wigs, without political turmoils but stability built on laws and property and the flourishing English overseas empire and trade of sugar, tabacco, tea and other staples to be manufactured in the homeland in a thriving industry, the number of readers increased due to free press in newspapers and pamphlets and debates...

Detective novels

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Since the very beginning humanity has always tried to solve mysteries, tribes used to tell stories to solve mysteries around the fire in caves about their rough lives and the first civilisations that started the first writings either in hieroglyphs and cuneiform writings in clay tablets from the ancient civilizations of Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, Egyptians and others had mystery stories or riddles like that one of the sphynx about the creature that lives on four, two and three legs that answers to the three ages of man.  Humanity has always been fascinated by riddles and mysteries, the tribes told their stories filled with mysteries and the first civilizations like Sumer, Babylon and Egypt also had riddles such as the one of the sphinx dealing with the different ages of man. In the United States the noteworthy poet and writer Edgar Allan Poe wrote the first detective novel in “The Murder of Marie Roget”  The detective fiction in the United Kingdom which is named “cozy”...

Uses of adjectives

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 Adjectives add more features to the nouns, in English they always precede the noun and they have no gender (masculine nor feminine) nor number (singular or plural), but they can be graded in the comparative or superlative forms if the adjectives are short, if they have got only one or two syllables, the adjectives from three syllables onwards just place the word "more +adjective+than" (más Adj. que). There are many types of comparisons in sentences using adjectives. The comparison of superiority always follow the following structure: A  + verb + short adj.-er  than / more long adjective than+   B The short adjectives ending in only a consonant, they double last consonant and add-er: big= bigger,  fat= fatter, thin= thinner. Also the final "y" is changed to "i" in adjectives: funny= funnier , ugly= uglier. A or B are the two people, animals or things that are being compared. There are examples here below: "Our kids are smarter than theirs. Crows are...

How to be a good orator in debates

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 In memory of the great orator of all times Charlie Kirk, his untimely death will never erase his legacy. In many English speaking countries the contribution of oracy is very important in the academic grades, also there are Mediterranean or Latinamerican countries where rhetorics is important as in Italy, Chile or Argentina, and according with the Classic education of Greek and Romans there were three great skills that every person should strive to excel such as literacy, numeracy and oracy, thus basic education from Classic era to Middle Ages, Renaissance, Modern Age till recent times has been focused on reading, writing, arithmetic and oracy, the four R, and nowadays we would include also ICT (how to use Information and Computer Technology)and cultural and civic literacy too.  The art of rhetoric was taught since ancient times and nowadays to ability to converse and debate is an asset in enterprises and the professional field. Besides it is an asset to master a foreign langu...

Types of questions

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  Question Tags: solemos usar una "question tag", para verificar lo que hemos dicho anteriormente; se hace usando el auxiliar y el sujeto pero si es afirmativa la frase del "question tag" va en negativo y si la frase es negativa la "question tag" va en afirmativa ) para verificar lo que hemos dicho anteriormente.  You are French, aren´t you?             They are not students, are they?     She is a nurse, isn´t she? Emphatic questions: usamos oraciones enfáticas usando "who" o "what" y también expresiones como "whoever, who/ what on earth", debemos poner énfasis en las palabras para hacer una afirmación. I´m scared about it.: you are scared about what? Jennifer wrote me a letter: who on earth wrote me? Bertrand advised me about the issue with houses : Whoever advised you about the houses... Embedded questions : preguntas incrustadas. Son preguntas dentro de otra afirmación o pregunta. Normalmente siguen el orden de una ...

Uses of Wish / If only

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 The use of wish (desear) and if only (si sólo) must be understood to improve English fluency. Wish en situaciones del presente: wish + past simple or continuous Wish en situaciones del pasado: wish + past perfect simple or continuous If only: se usa en la misma estructura que "wish" pero para expresar fuerte impresión o sentimiento y remordimiento. Ex. If only I had written her that letter to apologise finally. If only we had bought the computer, we would have passed the test.  Con " wish / if only "  no usamos "would" con la la 1 persona ya sea en singular "I " o plural "we". También " wish" tiene diferentes significados con sus estructuras en la oración: 1-deseo (o no) para una acción futura (formal). Estructura en la oración: Afirmativa: Sujeto + wish to + V infinitivo (deseo / quiero): I wish to buy a new car. Negativa: Sujeto + don´t/ doesn´t wish to + V infinitivo: They don´t wish to study Law. Interrogativ...

Education in Australia and New Zealand

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 Australian education is compulsory from till students reach 17 or 18 years old, structured in the following levels: -Early Childhood: includes preschool or kindergarten for children aged 3 to 5 years. -Primary Education: normally from Year 1 to Year 6 (ages six to twelve). -Secondary Education: typically from Year 7 to Year 12 (students from 12 to 18 years old). -Post-compulsory Education:  -Pathways Programs: they have transition programs to prepare students for university if they do not reach entry requirements, these may include foundation studies or bridging courses. -Vocational Education and Training (VET): they provide practical training and education in specific careers to get diplomas and certificate courses in fields such as hospitality, trades, health care, ICT, etc. -Universities: they offer undergraduate (Bachelor´s), graduate (Master´s and Doctoral) degrees and professional qualifications. Students enter after they pass the ATAR (Australian Tertiary Admiss...