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Types of questions

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  Question Tags: solemos usar una "question tag", para verificar lo que hemos dicho anteriormente; se hace usando el auxiliar y el sujeto pero si es afirmativa la frase del "question tag" va en negativo y si la frase es negativa la "question tag" va en afirmativa ) para verificar lo que hemos dicho anteriormente.  You are French, aren´t you?             They are not students, are they?     She is a nurse, isn´t she? Emphatic questions: usamos oraciones enfáticas usando "who" o "what" y también expresiones como "whoever, who/ what on earth", debemos poner énfasis en las palabras para hacer una afirmación. I´m scared about it.: you are scared about what? Jennifer wrote me a letter: who on earth wrote me? Bertrand advised me about the issue with houses : Whoever advised you about the houses... Embedded questions : preguntas incrustadas. Son preguntas dentro de otra afirmación o pregunta. Normalmente siguen el orden de una ...

Uses of Wish / If only

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 The use of wish (desear) and if only (si sólo) must be understood to improve English fluency. Wish en situaciones del presente: wish + past simple or continuous Wish en situaciones del pasado: wish + past perfect simple or continuous If only: se usa en la misma estructura que "wish" pero para expresar fuerte impresión o sentimiento y remordimiento. Ex. If only I had written her that letter to apologise finally. If only we had bought the computer, we would have passed the test.  Con " wish / if only "  no usamos "would" con la la 1 persona ya sea en singular "I " o plural "we". También " wish" tiene diferentes significados con sus estructuras en la oración: 1-deseo (o no) para una acción futura (formal). Estructura en la oración: Afirmativa: Sujeto + wish to + V infinitivo (deseo / quiero): I wish to buy a new car. Negativa: Sujeto + don´t/ doesn´t wish to + V infinitivo: They don´t wish to study Law. Interrogativ...

Education in Australia and New Zealand

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 Australian education is compulsory from till students reach 17 or 18 years old, structured in the following levels: -Early Childhood: includes preschool or kindergarten for children aged 3 to 5 years. -Primary Education: normally from Year 1 to Year 6 (ages six to twelve). -Secondary Education: typically from Year 7 to Year 12 (students from 12 to 18 years old). -Post-compulsory Education:  -Pathways Programs: they have transition programs to prepare students for university if they do not reach entry requirements, these may include foundation studies or bridging courses. -Vocational Education and Training (VET): they provide practical training and education in specific careers to get diplomas and certificate courses in fields such as hospitality, trades, health care, ICT, etc. -Universities: they offer undergraduate (Bachelor´s), graduate (Master´s and Doctoral) degrees and professional qualifications. Students enter after they pass the ATAR (Australian Tertiary Admiss...

Education in Canada

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The Canadian educational system is known for its high quality and diversity, varying by province and territory because each region has its own policies and regulations. It is divided in: -Elementary and Secondary Education: normally from kindergarten to Grade 6 at Elementary and from Grade 7 to Grade 12 in Secondary schools and High schools around age 17 or 18, once the students graduate they have several options: -Trade schools/ Apprenticeships: for students interested in hands-on careers in skilled trades (carpentry, bakery, hairdressing, plumbing, etc.), trade schoools offer classroom instruction and practical training and apprenticeships allow students to work under experienced tradespeople while completin technical training. -Colleges: focused on practical skills and applied learning. They offer diploma and certificate programs that can range from 1 to 3 years. Programs are often career-focused in professions such as nursing, graphic design, etc. which sometimes can also lead t...

Education in the USA

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Education in the United States of America: The first formal schools appeared in the 1630s in New England such as the Boston Latin School and in the "Old Deluder Satan Act" required that every town in Massachussets must hire teachers to operate grammar schools. During the eighteenth century the religion gradually weakened and after the American Revolution the constitution made all states to have public schools but its attendance was obligatory only in Massachussets and Connecticut. After the court decision in Brown&Board of Education in 1954 racial segregation was banned and in the 60s, 70s and 80s state schools in the inner cities became famous for lack of discipline, ghettoisation, substance abuse and violence. The federal government supports lunch programs, research grants, loans in college students and scholarships for veterans. In all states are permitted private schools though state schools are the majority and the state regulates the curriculum, graduation requirem...

Education in Ireland

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 The Irish education system is well-structured and has undergone various reforms to meet the needs of its population and it is divided into several stages: -Early childhood education: it includes preschool or nursery programs for children aged 0 to 6. It is optional and some children are home-school at these ages and other children attend preschool to prepare for Primary School. -Primary school: it usually lasts from 6 to 12 years old (eight years total) and it is divided in two cycles:Infant classes: Junior and Senior Infants (2 years) and First to Sixth Class which lasts 6 years and attend children from 8 to 12 years old.  -Post-Primary Education: it lasts six years divided in "Junior Cycle" from 12 to 15 years old and "Senior Cycle" till 18 y.o. leading to the Leaving Certificate exam crucial for the university admission.  There are national secondary schools (state funded) and vocational schools which focus on skills and trades and there are also private cent...

Education in the UK

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The church established learning centres in the Middle Ages and later monarchs and noblemen helped to develop into Universities and grammar , high and public   schools which were evolved into modern independent and state schools. In the nineteenth century churches, industrialists and philantropists established Sunday or evening schools for children of the lower classes meanwhile noblemen and wealthy people sent their children to private schools, colleges or universities. It was in 1870 that England & Wales established the Elementary Education Act to provide with elementary or board schools and from 1880 it was obligatory and from the year 1890 it was free for all English children. The Education Act 1940 established three phases being obligatory from 5 to 16 years old: primary (5 to 11 y.o.), secondary (11 to 16 y.o.) and further or higher education which was available to all based on age, ability and aptitude and local authorities set up grammar schools ( advanced students),...