Uses of Wish / If only

 The use of wish (desear) and if only (si sólo) must be understood to improve English fluency.

Wish en situaciones del presente: wish + past simple or continuous

Wish en situaciones del pasado: wish + past perfect simple or continuous

If only: se usa en la misma estructura que "wish" pero para expresar fuerte impresión o sentimiento y remordimiento.

Ex. If only I had written her that letter to apologise finally.

If only we had bought the computer, we would have passed the test. 

Con " wish / if only "  no usamos "would" con la la 1 persona ya sea en singular "I " o plural "we".

También " wish" tiene diferentes significados con sus estructuras en la oración:

1-deseo (o no) para una acción futura (formal). Estructura en la oración:

Afirmativa: Sujeto + wish to + V infinitivo (deseo / quiero): I wish to buy a new car.

Negativa: Sujeto + don´t/ doesn´t wish to + V infinitivo: They don´t wish to study Law.

Interrogativo: Do /Does  + sujeto + wish to + V infinitive… ?  Does she wish to work at the office tomorrow?

2-deseo para alguien en el futuro. Estructura en la oración:

Afirmativa:  Sujeto + wish + pronombre objeto + Complemento. I wish you a nice weekend.

Negativa: Sujeto + don´t / doesn´t wish + pronombre objeto + Complemento: We don´t wish her any harm.

Interrogativa: Do /Does + sujeto + wish + pronombre objeto + Complemento ? Does he wish her bad luck?

3-expresar enojo o fastidio. Estructura en la oración:

Afirmativa: Sujeto + wish + pronombre objeto + would (not) + Complemento.

Ex. I wish she would not marry him next week. I wish you would go out of here soon.

Las oraciones condicionales para expresar hipótesis en presente o pasado y sus efectos principalmente las de 2 y 3 tipo de condicionales.

-wish + 2 condicional: Sujeto + wish + sujeto + past simple + complemento.

Ex. "We wish we knew it, then I could solve it."

If only + 2 condicional: 

If only +Sujeto + Past Simple + Complem. Sujeto + would / could+ verb intinitivo + Complemento

Ex. "If only she wrote the novel she would be famous."

-Wish / If only + 3 conditional:

Sujeto + wish + sujeto + Past Perfect + Complemento, sujeto + would / could have + Participio + Complemento.

"We wish they had bought the yacht, so/ then/ thus we would have enjoyed a wonderful summer."

-If only + 3 condicional:

If only + sujeto + past perfect + complemento, sujeto + would /could have + past participle + complemento.

Ex. "If only we had listened the teacher, we would had passed the exam with good marks."

También se puede usar “I wish/ if only” para:

1-expresar que la situación sea diferente en el presente o en el futuro y sus estructuras cambian según se use uno u otro caso.

Afirmativa: I wish + pronombre objeto + V en pasado simple + complemento: I wish he had the key to the car.

Negativa: I + don´t / doesn´t  wish + pronombre objeto + V pasado simple + complemento: We don´t wish he was here.

Interrogativa: Do /Does + sujeto + wish + pron. Objeto + V. Pasado simple + Complem.? Do you wish she wrote it?

Cuando se usa “if only” la estructura de la oración sería la siguiente:

-Afirmativa-If only + sujeto + V past simple + Complemento... If only I were rich, I would be happier.

-Negativa: If only + sujeto + didn´t + verb + Complemento...If only they didn´t go to the pool, they would be safe.

-Interrogativa: No existe.




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