loegria

 Canada was inhabited by Asian who arrived on foot through the Strait of Bering, once a dry land and these people were called the "First Nations" like Iroquouis, Métis and Innuit and they hunted animals, fished, cultivated the land and later traded with furs with Europeans like Leif Ericson a Norse explorer, John Cabot an English explorer sent by king Henry VII settled in Cape Breton and the French king Francis I sent Jacques Cartier found Prince Edward Island, later French explorer Samuel de Champlain established Quebec and more colonies in New France. More Europeans arrived to trade for the fur and fish establishing the Hudson Bay Trading Post in 1670, but French and British wanted to control all the land so the Seven Years´ War started in 1756 finishing with the defeat of the French, after the American Independence many colonists loyal to England seek refuge in Canada. The colonies signed an agreement on 1st July, 1867 uniting Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec and Ontario...

 Wales was an independent nation during most of the Middle Ages since the early settlers were Celts, they were invaded by Romans and the Normans fought against them to control rebellions after William the Conqueror but the worst invasion was led by the English king Edward I who built many castles such as Caernafon and Conwy castles to keep Welsh rebels controlled. The Welsh continued their fight with heroes  like Owain Glyndwr, the last native Welsh to hold the title of Prince of Wales through rebellions till Henry VIII of England passed in 1535 and 1542 the Laws of Wales Acts giving the same legal rights to Welsh as English people. The climate is mild atlantic though changeable and stormy in the coast and its geography is diverse and beautiful landscapes of the coastline with sandy beaches or high cliffs and many islands, it has valleys and also mountains in the north and central part in Snowdonia National Park with high peaks like Crib Goch in Snowdon Mountains. Legends has...

 Although Scotland belongs to the United Kingdom for many centuries remained an independent country. It was never conquered by Romans who under emperor Hadrian built a wall to divide Britain from Scotia or Alba where fierce tribes named Picts lived and it was not invaded by Angles nor Saxons but they had their own leaders. It is a country with a population of nearly six million people and there are still around sixty thousand people who speak Scottish Gaelic. Scotland was an independent with its monarchs but in 1286  king Alexander III died with no successor, nobles governed the country and seek advise from the English king Edward I who chose the weakes man, John Balliol. Later in 1296 king Edward´s army conquered Scotland forcing John Balliol to abdicate till William Wallace, the son of a Scottish landowner claimed to fight for independence, he led his men to a victory in the Battle of Stirling Bridge in 1297 but Wallace was finally defeated at the Battle of Fakirk in 1298 an...

 Ireland is a country located in one the British Isles and it has around five million inhabitants though it is said which is the country with more population abroad in the world due to frequent immigrations through centuries during the English colonization. It has many important cities such as Dublin, its capital, Limerick, Galway, Belfast and Londonderry (in Northern Ireland belongs to the United Kingdom), Waterford, Kilkenny, Tallaght, Swords, Drogheda, Bray, Dundelk, Douglas, Dún Laoghaire, Armagh and others smaller with a rich heritage since the Celts, Middle Ages from the Viking or Norman invaders or later the English (Romans never invade Ireland) or Irish landmarks. There are also 26 counties such as Cork, Mayo, Donegal, Tipperay, Tyrone, Clare, Antrim, Roscommon, Down, Wexford, Meath, Wicklow, Offaly, Sligo, Laois, Kildare, Leitrim, Monaghan, Armagh, Carlow, Louth...English invasion started since the English Pale around Dublin and increased during the Renaissance in settleme...

 England is a country which is in the Great Britain island and covers most of it and belongs to the United Kingdom. England has London as its capital city but there are important cities such as Brighton, Bournemouth,  Batch, Winchester, Southampton, Plymouth, Bristol in the south and Manchester, Liverpool, Birminghan, Sheffield, Newcastle...it has nearly 63 million inhabitants, it has a mild Atlantic climate with frequent rains and changeable weather and famous natural landmarks with quaint villages, dramatic cliffs and beautiful forests such as the ancient New Forest in Hampshire, the Cotswolds, an area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, Cheshire, Hampshire, North York Moors, Lake District and beautiful counties as Dorset, Essex, Sussex, Cornwall.  The English language belongs to a part of the culture of the country, England, where it has its origins though nowadays due to the expansion of British in colonies mainly during the time time span of the British empire it is spoke...

 The English language is dynamic and flexible enough to adapt itself and create the words its needs through different means. English is a language alive and has the ability to evolve over time. The formation of words in English can be divided in the main following process: 1-DERIVATION/AFFIXATION: derivation involves creating a new word by adding prefixes or suffixes to a base word, sometimes it also changes the meaning or grammatical category of the original word, the adding of syllables before or after the root of the word are usually of Latin or Greek origin related to a specific meaning. - Prefixation : the formation of new words adding of syllables before of the root of the word. -Negative prefixes: -Prefixes of degree or size: -Locative prefixes: -Prefixes of time and order: -Number prefixes: -Conversion prefixes: - Suffixation : the adding of syllables after the root of the word.  -Noun suffixes: -Noun/Adjectival suffixes:ç -Pejorative prefixes: 2-COMPOUNDING: creation ...

  In the United Kingdom is spoken more than the 16% of English as mother tongue in the world and it is the origin of the language, however there are many dialects different from the standard or Received Pronunciation from the city of London and southern regions like Thames Estuary, Essex, Poole, etc. -Cockney: it is a dialect from middle class East Londoners, they have rhyming sounds because at the beginning was argot or coded for criminals since the nineteenth century, it appears in films such as "Pygmalion", "Mary Poppins" and many twentieth century literary works. -West Country accent:  spoken in South West, Cornwall, Devon, Wiltshire, Dorset, Somerset, Bristol, Gloucestershire, Bournemouth, etc. similar to RP English though with some archaisms "I be", thou bist, we be... they are rhotic and resemble Canadian and Irish accents in some expressions. -Welsh English: mostly spoken in North Wales and the Valley. There is a trap split in Cardiff, it is non-rh...

                                    It is said that Canadian English (CaE) used to be the most related to British English due to the ties to the motherland and active belonging in the Commonwealth. Nevertheless since the eighteenth century it has received a lot of influences from French and aboriginal languages, and after the Second World War the so called "Canadian dainty" with British accent (following the Received Pronunciation) began to decrease and the Canadian media (radio, television, press, literature...) boost the mixture of words from the neighbour US, French and indigenous languages. The most distinctive features are the Canadian shift ( cot-caught merge which triggered other vowel sounds), the raise of "ou" vowel sound slightly, double "l", out pronunced as /oat/, the Greek ending in -ize in words instead of British "-ise". There are many AmE words such as curb, tire...especially relate...

                         Africa is the second most populous continent in the world with a growing population, after the decolonization of colonies from the English empire most of the seventeen countries colonized by England continue with English as official language along with their native languages. Moreover, there are around 130 million of Africans who speak English and there are 24 countries in total that have adopted English as official language and 27 in total where English is secondary or lingua franca or its used as a pidgin of English to boost their economy and general welfare in a globalized world such as Rwanda or Eritrea which were former colonies of Belgium and Italy. It is said that Uganda is the first best English speaking country in Africa because is obligatory in all educational centres though it goes along with sixty indigenous languages, secondly it is South Africa which is  the first language of the...

                                               The variety of English in Australia (AusE, AuE or AusEng) is featured as the country´s common language and de facto national language along with some native languages. It began to differentiate from British and Irish English after the First Fleet established the colony of New South Wales in 1788. Australian English was a dialectal "melting pot" created by the intermingling of the early settlers. By the 1820s the native born colonists language was different from that of the British Isles speakers.  Dialect levelling which ensued produced an homogeneoua new variety of English which mixed South East English, Cockney, Irish, Scottish and Welsh. After the Australian Gold Rush in the 1850s there was a growing population in Victoria and NewSouth Wales which received migrants and their dialects from the Commonwealth regions m...

                                              The United States was founded initially by British and Scottish Pilgrims and the Thirteen British colonies and the new country had already many languages from the natives which were incorporated in the English. Besides after Britain signed the Peace Treaty due to the American Independence War (1781) the English has not evolved as in the British Isles, so we can find vocabulary which was spoken in England in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in the American English. Nowadays 65% of English native speakers live in the USA and though there are other languages widely spoken such as Spanish, the official language is English and the USA is the most influential country in the world in terms of military, economic, commercial and cultural areas so American English (AmE) is widespread due to the top-notch North American companies in...